| 曾庆成,陈文浩,黄玲.集装箱码头集卡拥堵收费模型与算法[J].,2015,55(1):73-80 |
| 集装箱码头集卡拥堵收费模型与算法 |
| A model and its algorithms for truck congestion toll at container terminals |
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| DOI：10.7511/dllgxb201501011 |
| 中文关键词: 集装箱码头 拥堵收费 闸口管理 双层规划 |
| 英文关键词: container terminals congestion toll gate management bi-level programming |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(7170101271370137)；教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”资助项目(NCET-11-0859). |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究集装箱码头集卡拥堵收费问题，目的是减少集卡排队等待时间，以及由集卡排队引起的污染排放．为确定最优的拥堵费率，建立了集卡拥堵收费的双层规划模型．模型考虑了码头运营商、集卡司机和政府管理者之间的博弈关系．在上层模型中，码头运营商以总排队费用最低为目标；下层是用户均衡模型，集卡司机以广义费用最低为目标选择到达时段，通过上下层模型间的反馈决定最优的拥堵收费方案．为求解模型，设计基于文化基因启发式(MH)算法和逐点固定流体近似(PSFFA)算法的求解方法，利用MH算法搜索最优收费方案，利用PSFFA算法计算排队时间．最后，应用算例对模型和算法的有效性进行验证．结果表明，拥堵收费可以有效地减少集卡排队时间，所设计的模型考虑了集卡收费的影响因素，以及码头运营商和集卡司机等主体之间的利益关系，为缓解码头集卡拥堵提供了一种有效的方法． |
| 英文摘要: |
| The issue of modeling truck congestion toll at container terminals is addressed to decrease the truck queuing and ease related air pollution. A bi-level programming model is developed to determine the optimal congestion toll rates. In the model, the game relationship of terminals operators, truckers and government regulators is considered. The upper level model is to minimize the total cost caused by truck queuing for terminals operators. And the lower level is user equilibrium model, in which each truck driver determines its arrival time to minimize the generalized cost. According to the feedback between upper-level and lower-level model, the optimal congestion toll strategy is determined. To solve the problem of this model, a method based on memetic heuristic (MH) algorithm and pointwise stationary fluid flow approximation (PSFFA) algorithm is designed. MH algorithm is used to search the optimal toll rates and PSFFA algorithm is applied to calculation of the truck queuing time. Finally, numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the validity of the model and algorithm. Calculation results indicate that congestion toll can decrease truck′s queuing time effectively. The developed congestion toll model considers the toll influencing factors, and the benefit relationship of truckers and terminal operators. It provides an efficient method to alleviate the truck congestion. |
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